Non-economic loss and damage from climate changeįemale migration is just one of many coping mechanisms that rural Filipinos employ to adapt to the effects of their changing climate. Some women are forced by conflict and drought to migrate to cities seeking work. Studies show that a 1℃ increase in growing season night-time temperature in the Philippines can cause a loss of rice yield and biomass by 10%.įacing limited land availability and persistent poverty, agricultural productivity in Mindanao undergoing long periods of low production and food insecurity is on the rise. In parallel, the area has also seen an increase in both typhoons and droughts over the past decade.Ĭonflict and extreme weather have triggered social and economic upheaval in Mindanao in recent years. Despite peace efforts to end over 40 years of social and ethnic conflict there, hostilities remain.Īccording to research conducted by the University of Queensland and Oxfam, the violence has particularly marginalised women, from female farmers to the widows of those killed in combat. In the Philippines, this relationship is evident in Mindanao, a farming community on the country's southernmost island. Across the world, climate and conflict are deeply intertwined and their negative effects mutually reinforcing. Losses in rural areas, especially where there's ongoing armed conflict, are not just financial. Typhoon Haiyaan alone caused crop loss of 1.1 million tonnes and destroyed 600,000 hectares of farmland in 2013, costing the Filipino agriculture industry and small farmers an estimated US$724 million. Over the past four years, weather events have cost the Philippine economy an annual average of 0.3% of GDP. Climate-induced disasters in the Philippines frequently disrupt fruit and cash-crop production, resulting in income loss and higher food prices.
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